sábado, 6 de junho de 2015

'A Mother's Love' by Lyn Andrews

Temática do Livro

It is 1933 in Liverpool, an harbourcity living mainly from the work in the docks. The America's Depression has already reached Europe and lives in Liverpool with increasing misery and unemployment. The Dobson's family runs a pub and lives upstairs. Eddie and his wife, Eve, are in their forties and their three girls are teenagers. One day, Doreen, a 24 years old girl, starts working in the pub and things start changing for that family. Eddie is more and more fancy with Doreen.
One day, Eddie is no more there and Eve gets all the responsibility for the pub and for raising up their three children. She just face it and life continues.

Sobre o Autora

Lyn Andrews is one of the UK's top one hundred bestselling authors reaching nr. 1 on the Sunday Times paperback bestseller list. Born and brought up in Liverpool, she is the daughter of a policeman and also married a policeman. After becoming the mother of triplets, she took some time off from her writing whilst she raised her children. Shortlisted for the Romantic Novelists' Association Award in 1993, she has now written twenty-three enormously successful novels. She divides her time between her home in Ireland and Merseyside.

Editora e N.º Páginas

Clays Ltd, St Yves plc in Great Britain. The book has got 281 pages.

Outros livros da autora

Maggie May
The Leaving of LiverpoolLliverpool Lou
The Sisters O'Donnell
The White Empress
Ellan Vannin
Mist over the Mersey
Mersey Blues
Liverpool Songbird
Liverpool Lamplight
Where the Mersey Flows
From this Day Forth
When Tomorrow Dawns
Angels of Mercy
The Ties that Bind
Take these Broken Wings
My Sister's Child
The House on Lonely Street
Love and Promise
A Wing and a Prayer
When Daylight Comes
Across a Summer Sea

Comentário

I would like to start analizing the novel “A Mother's Love” by Lyn Andrews by the ENVIRONMENT. Environment can be
     Physical – formed by all the elements of the text as scenario where action develops and characters move around.
     Social – formed by the different social layers assumed in the text. It includes also the cultural layer.
     Psychological – formed by the interior areas of characters, this is, all marks in the text that show us the soul of all those intervening in the action. It has to do with intimate liveliness and therefore with problematic subjective time and the narrative perspectives.
     The novel “A Mother's Love” by Lyn Andrews shows us its first environment at George, the pub runned by Eddie and Eve Dobson in Liverpool. “It was just a small hostelry on the corner of Upper Dawson Street which opened out on to Williamson Square. There was the salloon bar, the lounge bar – which despite Eve's efforts most people still called the parlour – and a small smug. The living accommodation comprised a large kitchen cum sitting room, three bedrooms, a storeroom and the privy in the yard.” (p.3 l. 20-27) This is the central environment of this novel.
It follows psychological and social environments about the Liverpool harbours, in 1933. It was about half past eleven in the morning (p.4 l.11) and Edward Bevington came to the bar. The old carter had his cap pushed back revealing a face so weather-beaten it resembled old leather. (p. 6 l.1-2) “- Have you finished for the day? - asked Eve.
- Got one more load this afternoon. Ships are coming in half empty and are going out the same way, too. It's the Depression in America, but it's affecting trade the whole world over. (p.6 l. 6.11-14) Put it on the slate, luv. You know I'm good for it next Friday.
- You'll have me in the bankruptcy court yet! (p.6 l. 21-22)
The man's good humour deserted him and he stared gloomily into his pint.
- You and me both, Eve, if things don't look up soon. This city's going to the dogs.” (p. 6 l. 22-25)
At that moment, “the door opened and a group of men crowded in all wearing rough jackets, moleskin trousers, mufflers, caps and heavy boots, the uniform of the poor working class.
- No more work then, lads? - asked Edward Bevington.
- Not a bloody ship in sight!Over a thousand fellows on the stands this morning and only two half-empty bloody freighters in eight miles of docks. I tell you, it's getting bad, really bad.
 - What's up with your face, Jacko? - asked Edward Bevington.
- Some hard case from the south end. You've to fight for work and I mean fight! - said another grimly. - A crowd of bloody youngsters started it saying they never get no work, it always goes to the older fellows and it's not fair. They've got kids to feed, too. (p. 6-7 l. 26-41)
 Jacko added morosely: - I'll be going on the Parish myself at this rate.” (p. 7 l. 8)
We are going to put a 'No Credit' sign up over the bar – Eve said grimacing apologetically.
 - It's all right, girl, we've the price of a pint! We're not looking for charity. - they said. (p. 7 l. 17-20)
Eve nodded with some relief, but wondered just how when their wives were half demented trying to make ends meet.
The lack of money for managing their lives and their families lives also led men into despair and suicide was increasing.
Agnes, Ted Molloy's wife, said anguished to Eve:
- He … he's … hanged himself!
Eve said to her daughter Lily:
- Go down and bring her four children up here at once; they can't stay in there.
- Will I go for the doctor? - asked Sarah, the eldest Eve's daughter.
- No, not yet. - answered Eve.
Suicide was a crime. He would have to be cut down, the authorities would have to be informed and arrangements would have to be made.
Agnes explained: - He is on the landing. I thought he'd gone to bed early; he's been doing that lately. He's been so depressed, so worried about having no job and no money coming in and that lot on, the Board of Guardians wanting to know everything, when he went to see, if he could get Parish Relief … The rent's not been paid for weeks and the landlord's threatening to evict us and I've pawned everything and … I was going to take him a cup of tea and I … I found him … hanging … by his belt. (p. 27-28 l. 8-45)
Eve told her: - I didn't know he was so desperate, but you know how quiet he was. He never complained; bottled it all up inside. (p. 29 l. 4-7)

Going on studying Environment in the novel “A Mother's Love” by Lyn Andrews because it is important to the reader, my text is about the epoch social environment too.
1930’s were very hard times after America’s Crash in 1929. Banks closed, firms were closing too and consequently happened high levels of unemployed, countries with very low levels of production and taxpay and this was happening at the same time all over the world.
The story of this novel goes on in 1933. It is March.
The author describes us the very moments of planning and doing the March of Unemployment to London in some different moments.

First in the George pub when Fred says to Eddie:
‘You’re hitting the bottle hard tonight, Eddie!’
Eddie pulled himself together ‘Got a lot on my mind, Fred.’
‘Who hasn’t these days? There’s some talk of a march about unemployed!
Eddie tried to look interested ‘Oh, aye.’
‘Like the Jarrow Crusade. Marching to London to take our cause to the government. Things can’t go on like this. Half this city (Liverpool) is unemployed. It’ll take a bit to get organised. You thinking of coming with us? (p.43 ll.4-13)
About April, at The George, Arthur Lethbridge, an usually taciturn docker, informed the others ‘There was a meeting.’
‘About what?’ asked Harry.
‘About this march to London.’ Jacko answered.
‘Was anything at all decided this time?’ Eve asked.
’Well might you ask, Eve. I’m spitting feathers. I’ve been arguing for hours about actually getting something done!’ Jacko took a deep swig and licked his lips. ‘I did, finally! We’re all going two weeks on Saturday. We’ve got to do something!’ (p. 86 ll. 3-16)
Some days after, Eve says to her daughters ‘I promised Harry I’d give him a hand tonight. It will be busier later on. There’s another meeting about the march! (p. 102 ll. 8-9)
The march was going to happen!

Unemployment is now in the main novel family, the Dobsons.
Unemployment was the main drama of everyone, of the country, of the world as America's Crash reached everywhere.
Just before Eddie Dobson's disappearance, Lily Dobson, his daughter, was sacked from her job as many others everyday.
“She came home from work in tears.
- What's the matter, love? - Eve cried, seeing her daughter's blotched and tear-stained face.
- I … I've got the sack, Mam.
- What? Why?
- I'm eighteen next week. - answered Lily.
- What's that got to do with it? - asked Eve.
- They said I'm too expensive now. They've got another girl starting on Monday who's only fourteen. - explained Lily.
- They can't do that. - informed Eve.
- Oh Mam, they can! I remember just after Christmas they told Joan Parker the same thing; she was in a terrible state.
Eve put her arm around Lily's shoulder.
- Oh Lily, love, come and sit down. It's not fair! It's just not fair!
- I never wanted to be a seamstress, anyway. I hated it, but … but … we need the money.
- You'll get something else. - said Eve comforting her.
Eve sounded far more confident than she felt. Takings were fairly low and the future was still uncertain; she did need Lily's wage even though it wasn't much. Every penny counted, but she couldn't say so. She couldn't, couldn't upset Lily further.
- What, Mam? There are hundreds of girls like me. They only want someone really young that they don't have to pay a half-decent wage to. - Lily sobbed. It was so unjust and so humiliating. On top of everything else it was just too much.” (pp. 77-78; l. 24- 10)

Still in social environment, the author, in this book, describes the new fashion – cinema.
Lily is keen on theatre and she wants to become an actress, but she accepts any job in a theatre just for being there and pick up an opportunity when it comes.  
In Liverpool, she started looking for it in major theatres and, as she was not lucky, now she is looking for it in medium size theatres hoping that there there would be a chance.
Lily is back home demoralised.
What happened? - Eve asked her daughter and Lily answered:
-They’re having to close, Mam, for a while at least. They said business is so bad that it’s just not worth their while even finishing the run they’re doing now. They aren’t sure they will open again. They blamed the cinema again. People are going there instead – when they’ve got the money.” (p.133 l.1-12)

Stork Hotel, in Liverpool, is the place where Sarah works as a waitress. It was March. “Business was slack there. She seemed to have spent most of the day just looking for things to do. There had been few people for breakfast and even fewer for lunch and Mr. Stevens, the headwaiter, had been impossible to please.” (p. 13 l. 3-7) July was very hot and “the dining room had been stiffing and her head had been aching for hours. There had been a large party of commercial travellers in for lunch. They had been noisy, demanding and awkward. They’d had to much to drink too, which had led to something of an argument over the bill and then one of them pinched Sarah behind. She complained furiously” and in her mind she decided to find as soon as possible other kind of job. (p. 167 l. 1-18)

Maggie and Billy, talking about their future as a family, make plans. Maggie says to him ‘All we ever wanted was something of our own and a nice house in nice area.
Billy reinforces it ‘We’ll both work hard and we’ll have all that,’ (p. 60 ll.3-4)
Maggie confides her Mam ‘Mrs McMillan is going to sell the shop and Billy and I want to buy it. Billy says his granny will lend us the money. Billy is her favourite. (p. 45 ll. 15-18) We want our own business. We don’t want to work ourselves into the ground for someone else. (p. 46 ll. 1-2)
“Maggie knew where good cheese could be bought wholesale. She‘d  thought of adding cheese and even butter to the  things she and Billy would sell when they took over the shop from Mrs McMillan. They intended to extend the range of fruit and vegetables they sold.” (p. 74 ll. 26-30) 
Things wouldn’t be so easy. At the shop, Maggie worked “there had been no pleasing most of the customers. There had been complaints that Mrs McMillan was buying inferior produce and charging far too much for it. That hadn’t improved her employer’s temper and Maggie had had to listen to a tirade of caustic comments from Mrs McMillan on the characters of her regular clients. Since they would soon become Maggie’s source of income, Mrs McMillan had insisted take advantage of her experience and had gone on and on for what seemed like hours. Added to that, her employer had had to go out on a matter of business so Maggie had had no lunch.” (p. 81 ll. 7-17) ‘Thank goodness Billy and I will be working for ourselves in the near future. That’s if she leaves us with any customers at all. They’ve all been complaining and she’s been like a bear with a sore head all day!’ said Maggie to her Mam and sisters. (p. 82 ll.5-8)

The dress Maggie wants to take to fiancé’s grandparents for tea will be home made by the Dobson’s women. She bought the material with her savings from her work at McMillan’s Greengrocer’s.
It will take place on a Sunday. Maggie is apprehensive about this visit. “According to Billy, old Mrs Wainwright was a bit of a tartar and he’d stressed how important it was that she approved of Maggie. All their plans depended on it. Maggie got on well enough with Billy’s mam and dad, but the old lady was a different kettle of fish. (p. 16 ll. 25-31)
Lily is an apprentice seamstress and Maggie is banking on her skills. After supper,” the room was filled with paper patterns, yards of material, reels of cotton and three rather noisy impatient girls.” (p. 18 ll. 37-38)  
Nevertheless still annoyed that her visit to the theatre had had to be postponed, Lily held up the yellow and white sprigged cotton her sister had bought. (p.19 ll. 18-20)
Come on, Mam, get a needle and some cotton and you can give us a hand with the tacking – Maggie urged eager to get on with the task.
Eve laughed. ‘You know I’m not much of a one with the needle and cotton! Why do you think I sent you to be a seamstress?'
Sarah sighed Maggie ‘Why did you have to pick such a complicated style? There seem to be a dozen pieces to this skirt.’
‘I liked it and besides I want to make an impression.’ Maggie was struggling with a piece that said “cut on a bias”. ‘Lily, what is a bias?’
‘It means cut it on the cross; like this. You really would have been better with something easier and I’m still not sure about this material. It looks sort of prissy and washed out. I suppose we could trim it with something a bit brighter.’ (p. 25 ll. 6-24) Maggie didn’t like this Lily’s comment.
‘Mam, you know I have to make a good impression on Sunday. It’s important. It really is!’ – said Maggie.
Eve sighed and stared at her ‘I know it is. I know that you and Billy want to get engaged. Don’t worry, you’ll have your dress and you can borrow my good hat and bag. I won’t have old Mrs Wainwright looking down her nose at you and not giving you a few bob. You’ll need every penny you can get your hands on, marriage is no picnic at the best of times! (p. 40 ll. 7-16)
Then Lily asked ‘Who is going to give me a hand to get the sewing machine out and who’s going to set up the iron and ironing board? If we can get the skirt and bodice together tonight we won’t have done badly.’ (p. 42 ll. 12-15)
Maggie comments to her mother ‘You see, Mam, how important it is that she likes me. Really approves me.’
‘Now don’t go getting yourself into a state about it. You’re a lovely, well-brought-up, hardworking girl and you come from a decent, hardworking family’ explained Eve. (p. 46 ll. 20-27). After two nights of frantic work, Maggie’s dress was finally finished.
Sunday has arrived. ‘Maggie felt very nervous as the tram moved slowly out to the suburbs. It was a lovely spring day after the stormy weather of yesterday.
As the little group – Billy and his parents and Maggie – walked down the quiet street of well-kept terraced houses found the door of number ten, Claudia Street was opened by a small, stout woman dressed in a plain black dress with a gold brooch pinned to the collar. Her hair was taken straight back in neat bun and a pair of spectacles was perched on her nose. She looked formidable. (p. 65 ll. 12-38)
Hilda, Billy’s mother, introduced Maggie to her mother ‘This is Maggie, Billy’s intended.’
Maggie’s heart sank at the brusque reception, but she remembered Eve’s advice and followed Billy into the small parlour.
‘So, you plan to get married?’ asked the old lady. ‘You have got a very ambitious plan and you’re very young.’
Maggie took a deep breath. ‘It is, but we want something of our own; something steady for the future. We intend to work very hard.’
The old Mrs Wainwright thought that the girl was attractive, but steady, earnest and well turned out. ‘I’d like to meet your Mam’ she said to Maggie and Billy was delighted. (pp. 55-68)

“The following Tuesday evening, Maggie, her sisters and Mam were very busy putting the finishing touches to the supper Maggie had insisted on providing. The kitchen had been scrubbed and polished to within an inch of its life. A freshly, washed and ironed cloth covered the table and Eve’s only cherished china tea, bought piece by piece over the years, was set out in all its rose-strewn glory. Maggie had bought ham and tongue for sandwiches and Eve had baked an apple pie and a Victoria sponge cake.” (p.89 ll. 2-9)
At a quarter past seven the Wainwrights arrived and Sarah and Lily, after being introduced to the visitants, disappeared, Sarah to the bar to give a hand to Harry and Lily to her bedroom.
After the first greetings, Eve told ‘Shall we listen to what these two have got to say for themselves?’
Maggie started ‘Billy and I have decided that, if it’s not too much of a rush, Mam, we’d like to get married at the beginning of next month. May is usually nice, weatherwise. Mrs McMillan accepted our offer for the shop; she can’t wait to get it off her hands and go and live with her daughter in Wales and she hasn’t had any other offers. We’d like to do up those rooms before we move in! Billy’s father gives him a hand with the rooms, his mother handles with the curtains and other stuff.’
The old lady says ‘You should give the shop a coat of paint, inside and out.’
‘How are you for money?’ she asked Eve ‘He is my eldest grandson and I’m investing a good bit in their future.’
Eve answered ‘I can manage to give her a decent do although it will have to be here. I can’t run to fancy hotels or the like. We can have it in the lounge bar; I can’t close the pub; I have a living to earn.’ (p. 90 ll.3-39)
‘Of course, dear!’ said de old lady ‘Business is business and I hear the brewery is giving you a trial as licensee.’
Maggie intervened ‘I’ll have our Sarah and Lily as bridesmaids. Our Lily will give me a hand to make my dress. I don’t want anything too fancy or expensive.’
‘Who will give Maggie away?’ asked the old lady.
Maggie informed ‘Well, if Mam has no objection I thought and Billy agrees that I’d ask Harry Dempsey.’
Eve turned to the old lady ‘You see, I’ve no brothers and neither has her Dad and Harry has been a tower of strength. (p. 91 ll. 12-36) So, I’ll provide the reception and the flowers too and I think I can manage something in the way of a wedding present.’
Maggie said immediately ‘I’ll pay for my own dress, Mam, and there won’t be any need for a carriage. We can walk to church, give the neighbours a chance to see me in my finery.’
‘Well, - said the old Mrs Wainwright – I’ve agreed to lend them two hundred and fifty pounds for the shop and the goodwill and I’ll give them thirty pounds as a wedding present.’
‘That’s very good of you, Gran!’ said Billy and he was delighted.
‘It’s very generous of you.’ Maggie added.
Afterwards Eve and Maggie served the tea and sandwiches, pie and cake and they all chatted comfortably for a while longer, but Eve was relieved when the Wainwrights took their leave. Old Mrs Wainwright invited both Eve and Maggie to call on her whenever they liked.
‘What will you do with all that money?’ Eve asked then.
‘I think we’ll save most of it. I don’t want to put really good stuff above the shop. I’ll wait until I get a nice house.’ answered Maggie to her Mam. (p. 92 ll. 7-31) ’She will leave everything to Billy when she does die; he knows that.’ (p.93 l. 13)            

The Dobson girls meeting is about clothing for the wedding. Sarah mused ‘You don’t have bright colours for bridesmaids’ dresses. I wouldn’t mind pale blue or pink or peach.’
‘Peach would be better. The others are a bit wishy-washy. Or apple green? That’s nice.’ Lily suggested.
‘Some people say green is unlucky for a wedding.’ Eve interrupted.
‘Then green is definitively out. I’m not tempting fate.’ Maggie said firmly.
‘Do we have to pay for them ourselves? I haven’t got much money.’ said Lily.
Sarah smiled ‘I think I can manage to pay for the material for both.’
‘I said you’d help me make my dress, Lily. I don’t want anything too fancy.’ Maggie added.
‘God, Maggie, there’s not a lot of time to make three dresses.’ answered Lily.
‘Look, you can all go to Blackler’s on Friday night and get the material and patterns and I’ll help. I can at least tack!’ Eve offered.
‘You’re going to have to get yourself along to the fifty-shilling tailors, Harry!’ – Eve informed him. (p. 94 ll. 11-35)
‘You’re not going to give me away in that old jacket and flannel trousers, Harry Dempsey!’ said Maggie. (p. 95 l. 1-6)
On Friday, when they returned from shopping, “they laden down with parcels, Eve suggested that they spend the evening cutting out the paper patterns. ‘Then you can all make a start tomorrow morning bright and early.’ said Eve.
‘This is really lovely, Maggie!’ she finished, studying the simple, but elegant design on the front of the packet and fingering the plain white satin gently.
‘Well, I didn’t want anything too fancy; I’m too small to carry off frills and flounces.’ said Maggie.
Sarah passed the other pattern. ‘I thought Lily and I could get away with the frill around the neck and sleeves.’
‘You can, you’re both taller. What colour flowers will you have?’ Eve was determined to be enthusiastic.
‘I thought peach and cream with enough greenery, so it doesn’t look insipid.’ (p.97 ll. 9-28)
‘What colour will you have, Mam? Billy’s Mam is thinking of navy and white. I think it’s a bit plain, but she says it’s serviceable.’
Eve hadn’t really thought about it. ‘Maybe I’ll have brown and beige.’
‘Oh, Mam! Why not pale blue or pink or even lilac? The weather will be warmer so they’d look lovely and suitable.’ Maggie wanted Eve to look really nice. She wanted her to buy something that would cheer her up.
‘I don’t care if he has left me for a young girl; I’m still attractive.’ said Eve more to convincing herself. ‘I can’t afford to buy something I’ll not get any wear out of.’ 
Maggie sighed. Mam was right. ‘Well, why not go for a sort of cornflower blue with navy accessories – bag, shoes? And you could get a blue hat.’ Maggie suggested.       (p. 98 ll. 1-20)
Next day Eve said ‘I think we’d better make a start on Maggie’s dress. It’s the most important.’
Lily nodded ‘If we’re going to get it cut out you’d better get some sheets to put down or it will get dirty.’
By Monday Maggie’s dress had been cut out, tacked, fitted and part machined and they had made a start on cutting out both Sarah and Lily’s dresses. Lily felt she had done more than her fair share. She had shown Sarah how to set in sleeves, attach facings and do the frills.  (p. 100 ll. 18-33) Some days after, Maggie put the teapot on the table and set out the cups. ‘We’ve got a few busy weeks ahead. Dresses to finish, headdresses to make, Mam’s outfit to sort out and a hundred other things.’(p.118 ll. 34-36)
Indeed the next few weeks seemed to fly. Eve thought as she ordered food and flowers, made lists and wrote out invitations, helped make the headdresses of artificial flowers and bought her own outfit. Maggie and Sarah went with her to Frisby Dyke’s in Lord Street where she chose a rayon twopiece in a beautiful deep cornflower blue with a neat fitted jacket with a stand-up collar and a straight skirt with two box pleats in the front. She bought navy blue court shoes, a bag and navy cotton gloves. The outfit was completed by a large blue picture hat that sported a navy bow at the back and two huge blue flowers attached to the left side of the crown.
Harry had gone to the fifty-shilling tailor’s and had bought a dark navy serge suit and a new shirt and tie.
Lily had applied herself diligently to finishing all the dresses and to helping Eve as much as she possibly could. ( p. 119 ll. 1-21)
It was the night before Maggie’s wedding day and she was sitting with her Mam in the kitchen. ‘I’m a bit nervous.’ Maggie admitted.
‘Every bride is. I was!’ Eve smiled. She didn’t have any real worries about Maggie and Billy. They were well suited and were getting the best possible start to their married life. ‘You‘re a good girl and I’m really thankful for all the support you’ve given me since –‘ in her heart of hearts she admitted that she would have liked her Dad to give her away. ‘I’m so sorry he won’t be here, Maggie. You’re the first of our girls to go.’ Eve said with some sadness.    
‘I love you, Mam! I’ll never do anything to make you ashamed of me.’
‘I know and I’m proud of you, Maggie. I really am. I never thought a daughter of mine would end up owning a business. God’s been good to you, Maggie. Be a good wife and mother; that’s all I ask.’
‘If I’m good as you, I’ll have done well.’ Maggie said sincerely.
Eve kissed her cheek and smiled, but she wondered had she indeed been a good wife’?  Her early married life hadn’t been perfect. They’d lived with Eddie’s parents and at times that hadn’t been easy, but she’d thought they were happy enough. Perhaps in those early days she had mistaken his charm and tall, fair good looks for strength of character, generosity and loyalty. Had she loved the idea of him and not the reality of the man himself? She sighed.  (p. 120 ll.7-p. 122 l.1)

Maggie and Billy’s store started to be the place where Maggie worked before marriage. It was ” McMillan’s Greengrocer’s and she was up and out early and had to stand for long hours on her feet in often cold and damp conditions. She complained only that her hands were a disgrace and her clothes got filthy.” (p. 16 ll. 15-18)
One day she comes to her Mam and anxiously says “Mrs. McMillan, widow, is going to sell the shop and Billy and I want to buy it as Billy’s granny will lend us the money. We want to work for ourselves; to get our own business.” (p. 45 ll. 16-17)
Billy’s granny lent them the money and they have bought the shop and upstairs where they would live after marrying. The shop was looking badly, but “it was coming along nicely. It had been given a fresh coat of paint which made it look brighter.  Some new shelves had been put up to hold the jars of jam, honey and lemon curd that she intended to stock, purchased from the woman in the market who sold eggs and what she termed ‘Fresh Country Produce’. New wooden bins for potatoes had been installed to replace the wicker baskets which leaked dry soil and dust on to the floor and a new low display counter had been added.
The rooms above it were looking clean and Billy and his Dad had bought in Great Homer Street Market. Hilda (Billy’s mother) had hung curtains and relined the kitchen shelves with fresh paper and Maggie had bought plates and pans also from the market and some good pieces of secondhand furniture from the auction rooms. She was hoping to get some bedding and towels as wedding  presents, but she was quite satisfied with the way her new home and business were shaping up and she had managed to hang on to most of the money Billy’s granny had given to them.” (p. 45 ll. 27-5)
Maggie didn’t get the success she has thought about their shop. Sarah thinks that “their business was not as well as Maggie hoped it would despite all their hard work because there is still no work around and she is buying top-quality stuff and charging high prices.” (p. 168 ll. 32-37)
Billy’s grandmother died not long after and according to “Mrs. Wainwright’s will Jack and Hilda received three hundred pounds and the rest of her estate which was nine hundred and twenty pounds and her house in Claudia Street was entirely to Billy.” (p. 233 ll.31-36)
With this money Maggie and Billy “bought another grocer’s on the corner of Commutation Row to be run by Billy and Maggie runs the greengrocer’s until they buy a new house. Then they will find other person to manage the greengrocer’s.” (p. 253 ll. 6-9)
Later on “they have bought a nice house in Walton-on-the-Hill and have got two houses rented out in Everton and a part share in Mam and Harry’s  pub (in Liverpool) and a property to rent out.” (p.277 ll. 16-23)

Now let’s go to Description which is a process of giving information about characters, things, space and weather. It’s a moment of pause in the events progression.
Let’s start describing the main space in “A Mother’s Love” which is The George. “The George wasn’t a big fancy pub like some (in Liverpool) where competition for business was fierce. There seemed to be a pub on every single street corner. It was just a small hostelry on the corner of Upper Dawson Street which opened out on to Williamson Square. There was the saloon bar, the lounge bar  which, despite Eve’s efforts most people still called “the parlour” and a small smug. The living accommodation comprised a large kitchen cum sitting room, three bedrooms, a storeroom and the privy in the yard. Not exactly palatial, but she had to admit it was a damned sight better than the slum houses most of their customers were forced to live in, some of them five and six to a single room.” (p.3 ll. 20-30)
Analysing it, it can be said that this description goes from general to particular elements; from front to back; from big plans to smalls plans (from the street to a room).

Stork Hotel, in Liverpool, was the place Sarah worked as a waitress. “Business was slack there. There had been few people for breakfast and even fewer for lunch.” (p. 13 ll. 3-7) July was very hot and “the dining room had been stiffing. There had been a large party of commercial travellers in for lunch “they had been noisy, demanding and awkward. They had had too much to drink too which had led to something of an argument over the bill and then one of them pinched Sarah behind. She complained furiously.” (p.167 ll. 1-18)

Much more can be done in terms of analysing descriptions, social environment, characters in this very interesting book “A Mother’s Love” by Lyn ANDREW. That would be a delight. I can really not mention one of the various sayings I have found on this novel “Two wrongs don’t make a right.” I really like sayings. They transmit the native wisdom which is an ark for the future generations and one can learn so much from it.  Nevertheless I stop here my work over this book. It’s time to change to another book, another story.
I hope others would like to continue and find the same delight I had. It’s to become aware of other epoch, other country, but though with so many things in common with us in Portugal.¸

 

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Obama's Challenge – America's Economic Crisis and the Power of a Transformative Presidency de Robert KUTTNER

Recém-eleito presidente dos Estados Unidos, Barack Obama é o homem para quem todas as atenções se voltam neste início de 2009. O momento não podia ser mais decisivo e delicado: Obama ascende ao poder herdando um país envolvido numa guerra que já muita controvérsia gerou e mergulhado numa das mais graves crises económicas de sempre. Com este livro, o comentador e analista político, Robert Kuttner, não só faz uma análise do panorama atual e do que deve ser feito para o alterar como traça o perfil do novo presidente e os passos que o podem conduzir a uma liderança sólida e efectiva, concentrada no estabelecimento de uma democracia mais forte, de um governo mais eficaz e de uma sociedade mais justa. A recessão, o ambiente, a globalização, a segurança social são assim alguns dos temas abordados neste livro e que influenciarão a curto e a longo prazo o equilíbrio político e económico a nível mundial. O Desafio de Obama é uma obra que capta de forma lúcida e vigorosa um ponto de viragem na nossa história e que por isso se torna imprescindível.
Editorial PRESENÇA; 219 pp.
Robert KUTTNER é um dos mais respeitados comentadores e analistas políticos nos Estados Unidos. Cofundou a revista American Prospect, foi colunista da Business Week e escreve atualmente para o jornal Boston Globe. É ainda autor de diversos livros sobre economia e política.
2007 – The Squandering of America (O Desperdício da América)
------------------------------
Ficha Técnica
Título original: Obama's Challenge – America's Economic Crisis and the Power of a Transformative Presidency
Autor: Robert KUTTNER
Data: 2008.
Tradução: Editorial PRESENÇA, Lisboa, 2009, 1.a edição
--------------------------
Apresento-vos extractos desta obra que vos convido a ler:
(pp.19-36) (…) todos os grandes presidentes recorreram à sua capacidade de liderança,
em primeiro lugar, para transformar o entendimento público a respeito dos desafios nacionais e,
em segundo, para ultrapassar impasses derivados de obstruções do Congresso, do poder de grupos de interesse, da passividade do eleitorado assim como da sabedoria convencional.
Cada um à sua maneira encontraram aliados, cada um deles cresceu interiormente imenso durante o respectivo mandato. Cada um deles começou por transformar o ambiente nacional e, em seguida, a direcção da política nacional, sujeitando-se a enormes riscos políticos em nome de princípios pelos quais as pessoas lhes viriam a desenvolver um profundo respeito. Com frequência atraíram alguns membros dos partidos da oposição e também foram grandes unificadores. Estes presidentes incentivaram movimentos em prol da mudança (para o bem comum) e assim pressionaram-se a si próprios e ao Congresso para que fossem muito para além do que era considerado concebível – a audácia da esperança. Geraram um ímpeto acelerado tendo em vista reformas drásticas que se revelou politicamente irresistível. A História sugere que não basta a um presidente dispor de maioria no Congresso, precisa também de ser capaz de mobilizar apoio alargado tendo em vista mudanças significativas em todo o país.
Ser um presidente inovador significa compreender a corrente dominante, mas ser líder da mudança necessária no momento, discernir aspirações tácticas e necessidades por satisfazer nas pessoas e, em seguida, fazer dessa mudança inovadora a perspectiva dominante pela qual a população clama. Este empreendimento requer sabedoria, capacidade de decisão e de liderança. Acima de tudo, precisa de reabilitar o papel construtivo do governo quer no espírito das pessoas quer no que o governo tem para oferecer.
Os candidatos a presidentes ao reunirem legiões de equipas de sondagens e de consultores de campanha arriscam-se a ficarem reféns delas. Lincoln, Roosevelt, Lyndon Johnson não precisavam de sondagens. Desfrutavam de uma perfeita sintonia com a opinião pública, um talento que contribuiu para que fossem excelentes estrategos com uma excelente bússola interior.
(pp.37-124) Atualmente vivemos na mais grave crise financeira desde a Grande Depressão e uma recessão profunda. Esta crise é o resultado desnecessário de desregulamentação excessiva – tramóias a mais do sector privado, governo a menos para as contrabalançar.
Um sistema financeiro extremamente enfraquecido deu origem a uma contracção do crédito que as taxas de juro baixas podem apenas melhorar, não curar. Nas atuais circunstâncias, só há uma política geral de abordagem capaz de resgatar a economia da situação em que se encontra e devolvê-la ao caminho da prosperidade amplamente partilhada:
·     restabelecer a tributação sobre as empresas e os americanos mais ricos,
·     reduzir os gastos em guerras no estrangeiro,
·     incorrer em défices temporariamente mais elevados e
·     utilizar as receitas para investimentos sociais de vulto (devido ao grande aumento do desemprego e também para apoiar a criação de novas empresas)
·     complementar os resgates financeiros dos bancos com uma supervisão e uma regulamentação muito mais rigorosas.
Roosevelt costumava deixar os seus assessores mais próximos exasperados ao ter conversas com pessoas de que nunca ninguém tinha ouvido falar. Obama tem também a perspicácia de aprender com os erros e de fazer correcções de rumo e escolheu nomear um conjunto de assessores ideologicamente díspares e ouvir cuidadosamente todos os argumentos antes de retirar as suas próprias conclusões.
É preciso começar por objectivos exequíveis e prestar muita atenção à sequência, às prioridades e à lógica das grandes transformações que dão início às reformas incrementais.
“Por liderança refiro-me não apenas aos líderes de transacção que prosperam graças a acordos, compromissos e manipulações dentro de um dado sistema, mas aos líderes transformadores que dão resposta a necessidades, esperanças, expectativas e desejos humanos fundamentais e que são capazes de transcender e mesmo de procurar reconstruir o sistema político ao invés de se limitarem a operar no seu seio.” de James MacGregor Burns
O presidente Roosevelt, na sua primeira Conversa à Lareira, deixou claro que o mercado privado tinha falhado e que a ajuda do governo ia a caminho. Instaurou-se a si próprio enquanto líder do governo e, nesse papel, enquanto defensor do americano médio que estava a passar dificuldades sem que tivesse qualquer culpa disso. Ainda demoraria sete anos para o país sair da Grande Depressão, mas a população sabia que tinha um amigo na Casa Branca, um amigo que aproveitara a oportunidade para recordar aos cidadãos que as políticas liberais tinham falhado e que o governo era a fonte de auxílio.
Os cientistas políticos estabelecem a destrinça entre poder e autoridade. O poder pode traduzir-se na força bruta e a autoridade conquista-se através do respeito. O receio do poder presidencial abusivo é o reverso da medalha do desejo ardente de autoridade legítima que só uma grande liderança será capaz de restabelecer.
Todas as reformas transformadoras implicam lutas. A reforma exige a mobilização dos menos poderosos, por vezes, a concessão de poder a uma minoria corajosa e, por vezes, a conquista do apoio das pessoas quase do zero. Os grandes presidentes souberam como usar as palavras com fins inspiradores, mas também souberam como fazer jogo duro. Há ocasiões em que os presidentes fazem atrasar o progresso. “Os líderes, por muito que se afirmem em prol da harmonia, não se esquivam ao conflito; enfrentam-no, exploram-no e, com o tempo, acabam por personificá-lo.” escreveu James MacGregor Burns. (...)

Os meus filmes
1.º – As Amendoeiras em Flor e o Corridinho Algarvio.wmv           http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NtaRei5qj9M&feature=youtu.be
2.º – O Cemitério de Lagos
3.º – Lagos e a sua Costa Dourada

Os meus blogues


http://www.passo-a-rezar.net/       meditações cristãs
http://www.descubriter.com/pt/             Rota Europeia dos Descobrimentos
http://www.psd.pt/ Homepage - “Povo Livre” - Arquivo - PDF
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